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Rouxel Jacques (b. 1931-02-26 / d. 2004-04-25)
Rouxel is perhaps best known for his initially controversial animated French TV series Les Shadoks, which first appeared in 1968.
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40
Born 1908-11-18. Domain:Writing. Cause of death:Suicide
Born in Munich, Klaus Mann was the son of German writer Thomas Mann and his wife, Katia Pringsheim.
Mann's most famous novel, Mephisto, was written in 1936 and first published in Amsterdam. The novel is a thinly-disguised portrait of his former brother-in-law, the actor Gustaf Gründgens. The literary scandal surrounding it made Mann posthumously famous in West Germany, as Gründgrens' adopted son brought a legal case to have the novel banned after its first publication in West Germany in the early 1960s. After seven years of legal hearings, the West German Supreme Court banned it by a vote of three to three, although it continued to be available in East Germany and abroad. The ban was lifted and the novel published in West Germany in 1981.
Mann's novel Der Vulkan is one of the 20th century's most famous novels about German exiles during WWII.
He died in Cannes of an overdose of sleeping pills. He was buried there in the Cimetière du Grand Jas.
70
Born 1879-01-18. Domain:Politics. Cause of death:Unknown
After Admiral Darlan's assassination, Giraud became his de facto successor with Allied support. He upset the Americans when he ordered that many French resistance leaders who had helped Eisenhower's troops be arrested, without any protest by Roosevelt's representative, Robert Murphy. Giraud took part in the Casablanca conference, with Roosevelt, Churchill and de Gaulle, in January 1943. Later, after very difficult negotiations, Giraud agreed to suppress Petain Hitlerian laws, and to liberate Vichy prisoners of the awful South Algerian concentration camps. Henri Giraud and Charles de Gaulle then became co-presidents of the Comité français de la Libération Nationale and Free French Forces. However, De Gaulle consolidated his political position at Giraud's expense because he was more up to date with the political situation. Giraud also lost influence when he refused to reveal his plans for the invasion of Corsica until the last minute. On September 13, Giraud led the landings at Corsica arming Corsica's Communist-oriented Front National resistance group. This drew more criticism from de Gaulle, and he lost the co-presidency in November 1943. When the Allies found out that Giraud was maintaining his own intelligence network, the French committee forced him from his post as a commander-in-chief of the French forces. He refused to accept a post of Inspector General of the Army and chose to retire. On August 28, 1944 he survived an assassination attempt in Algeria.
77
Born 1872-01-19. Domain:Science (Physics style). Cause of death:Age
Edwin Henry Colpitts was a communications pioneer best known for his invention of the Colpitts oscillator. As research branch chief for Western Electric in the early 1900s, he and scientists under his direction achieved significant advances in the development of oscillators and vacuum tube push–pull amplifiers. In 1915, his team successfully demonstrated the first transatlantic radio telephone. Colpitts died at home in 1949 in Orange, New Jersey, United States and his body was interred in Point de Bute, New Brunswick, Canada. He was survived by his wife Grace Penney Colpitts and his son Donald B. Colpitts. In 1940, Colpitts was called out of retirement to head a committee reviewing the state of sonar development in the United States Navy. The committee report identified critical limitations of American sonar compared with German developments, which spurred American fundamental sonar research. He was awarded the Elliott Cresson Medal in 1948.
51
Born 1898-09-02. Domain:Business. Cause of death:Heart attack
He was the founder of Ferrero SpA, an Italian confectionery and chocolatier company. His company invented Nutella, a hazelnut-cream spread, which is now sold in over 160 countries. He died of a heart attack, actually for working everything by himself, too much, too hard and too long.
67
Born 1882-03-03. Domain:Society. Cause of death:Age
Charles Ponzi (born Carlo Pietro Giovanni Guglielmo Tebaldo Ponzi) was an Italian swindler and con artist in the U.S. and Canada. His aliases include Charles Ponci, Carlo, and Charles P. Bianchi. Born and raised in Italy, he became known in the early 1920s as a swindler in North America for his money-making scheme. He promised clients a 50% profit within 45 days or 100% profit within 90 days, by buying discounted postal reply coupons in other countries and redeeming them at face value in the U.S. as a form of arbitrage. In reality, Ponzi was paying earlier investors using the investments of later investors. While this type of fraudulent investment scheme was not originally invented by Ponzi, it became so identified with him that it now is referred to as a "Ponzi scheme". His scheme ran for over a year before it collapsed, costing his "investors" $20 million. Ponzi may have been inspired by the scheme of William F. Miller (also known as "520% Miller"), a Brooklyn bookkeeper who in 1899 used a similar deception to take in $1 million. Ponzi spent the last years of his life in poverty, working occasionally as a translator. His health deteriorated and in 1941 a heart attack left him considerably weakened. His eyesight began failing, and by 1948 he was almost completely blind. A brain hemorrhage paralyzed his right leg and arm. Ponzi died in a charity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, the Hospital São Francisco de Assis of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, on January 18, 1949. Supported by his last and only friend, Francisco Nonato Nunes, a barber who spoke English and had notions of Italian, Ponzi granted one last interview to an American reporter, telling him, "Even if they never got anything for it, it was cheap at that price. Without malice aforethought, I had given them the best show that was ever staged in their territory since the landing of the Pilgrims! It was easily worth fifteen million bucks to watch me put the thing over."
91
Born 1857-09-14. Domain:Performing. Cause of death:Age
Ermete Zacconi was an Italian stage and film actor and a representative of naturalism and verism in acting. His leading ladies on stage were his wife Ines Cristina and Paola Pezzaglia.
44
Born 1904-05-29. Domain:Art. Cause of death:Heart
Gregg Toland was a highly influential American cinematographer noted for his innovative use of lighting and techniques such as deep focus, an example of which can be found in his work on Orson Welles' Citizen Kane.
He died of a coronary thrombosis in Hollywood, California.
44
Born 1904-04-15. Domain:Painting. Cause of death:Suicide
Gorky was born in the village of Khorkom near Van, Turkey. It is not known exactly when he was born: it was sometime between 1902 and 1905. (In later years Gorky was always vague about even the date of his birthday, it would change from year to year!)
In 1947, he underwent surgery for a cancer. The experience is traumatic, and he never coulg get through it. He hanged himself at 44.
88
Born 1860-09-13. Domain:Society. Cause of death:Age
During World War II, Pershing was visited by Free French leader General de Gaulle, who, when Pershing asked after the health of his old friend, Marshal Petain (now heading the pro-German Vichy regime), replied tactfully that as far as he knew, the marshal was quite well.
60
Born 1888-02-20. Domain:Writing. Cause of death:Unknown
Sous le soleil de Satan 1926 (published in English as Under the Sun of Satan, made into a film by the same name by Maurice Pialat in 1987, who won the Palme d'Or at Cannes for it.)
29
Born 1919-01-01. Domain:Performing. Cause of death:Suicide
Carole was plagued by depression her entire life and attempted suicide in 1944 and 1946. By 1948 her career was fading and her marriage was failing. She entered into a romance with actor Rex Harrison who was at the time married to actress Lilli Palmer. Landis was reported to be crushed when Harrison refused to divorce his wife in her favor and unable to cope any longer, she committed suicide at Pacific Palisades, California, by taking an overdose of Seconal. Her final night alive had been spent with Harrison and it was Harrison who found her body the next morning.
84
Born 1864-10-05. Domain:Science (Physics style). Cause of death:Age
Louis Lumière, 83, wealthy motion-picture and color-photography pioneer, whom (with his brother Auguste) Europeans generally credit with inventing the cinema; died of a heart ailment; in Bandol, France.
47
Born 1901-05-13. Domain:Society. Cause of death:Murder
He was a soldier of the Second Polish Republic, the founder of the Secret Polish Army (Tajna Armia Polska) resistance group and a member of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa). As the author of Witold's Report, the first intelligence report on Auschwitz concentration camp, Pilecki enabled the Polish government-in-exile to convince the Allies that the Holocaust was taking place. During World War II, he volunteered for a Polish resistance operation to get imprisoned at Auschwitz in order to gather intelligence and escape. While in the camp, Pilecki organized a resistance movement and as early as 1941, informed the Western Allies of Nazi Germany's Auschwitz atrocities. He escaped from the camp in 1943 and took part in the Warsaw Uprising. He remained loyal to the London-based Polish government-in-exile and was executed in 1948 by the Stalinist secret police Urząd Bezpieczeństwa on charges of working for "foreign imperialism", thought to be a euphemism for MI6. Until 1989, information on his exploits and fate was suppressed by the Polish communist regime.
63
Born 1885-07-28. Domain:Directing. Cause of death:Unknown
52
Born 1896-09-04. Domain:Art. Cause of death:Cancer
L'art et la mort, Denoël, Paris, 1929.
50
Born 1898-01-23. Domain:Directing. Cause of death:Other
Eisenstein suffered a hemorrhage and died at the age of 50. An unconfirmed legend in film history states that Russian scientists preserved his brain and it supposedly was much larger than a normal human brain, which the scientists took as a sign of genius. He is buried at Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.
79
Born 1869-10-02. Domain:Politics. Cause of death:Murder
Mahatma= Great soul
murdered by Nathuram Godse (co-conspirator Narayan Apte)
77
Born 1871-08-19. Domain:Science (Physics style). Cause of death:Heart attack
He died of a heart attack in 1948 while fixing the doorbell at his home.
86
Born 1861-02-15. Domain:Science (Math style). Cause of death:Age
He was an English mathematician who became a philosopher. He wrote on algebra, logic, foundations of mathematics, philosophy of science, physics, metaphysics, and education. He co-authored the epochal Principia Mathematica with Bertrand Russell.
81
Born 1866-09-07. Domain:Writing. Cause of death:Age
He was interned during World War II at the Drancy deportation camp. Public outcry at his imprisonment brought about his release in 1943. He died in Paris four years later of the results of his internment and was buried in Passy cemetery. His grand-son, françois, was deported in Mathausen. He never returned.
45
Born 1902-11-22. Domain:Society. Cause of death:Accident
He died in an airplane accident near Colomb-Béchar, Algeria.
89
Born 1858-04-23. Domain:Science (Physics style). Cause of death:Age
In March 1887 Planck married Marie Merck (1861-1909), sister of a school fellow, and moved with her into a sublet apartment in Kiel. They had four children: Karl (1888-1916), the twins Emma (1889-1919) and Grete (1889-1917), and Erwin (1893-1945). After several happy years the Planck family was struck by a series of disasters: in July 1909 Marie died, possibly from tuberculosis. In March 1911 Planck married his second wife, Marga von Hoesslin (1882-1948); in December his third son, Herrmann, was born.
During the First World War Planck's oldest son, Karl, was killed in action at Verdun, and Erwin was taken prisoner by the French in 1914. Grete died in 1917 while giving birth to her first child; her sister lost her life two years later in the same circumstances, after marrying Grete's widower. Both granddaughters survived and were named after their mothers. Planck endured all these losses with stoic submission to fate.
In January 1945 his second son, Erwin, to whom he had been particularly close, was executed by the Nazis because of his participation in the failed attempt to assassinate Hitler in July 1944.
30
Born 1917-07-04. Domain:Society. Cause of death:Accident
He died following a goring in the right upper leg as he killed the fifth bull of the day, the Miura bull Islero, an event that left Spain in a state of shock.
66
Born 1881-09-15. Domain:Business. Cause of death:Other
His son, Jean Bugatti, was killed on August 11, 1939 at the age of 30, while testing a Type 57 tank-bodied race car near the Molsheim factory. After that, the company's fortunes began to decline. World War II ruined the factory in Molsheim, and the company lost control of the property. During the war, Bugatti planned a new factory at Levallois in Paris and designed a series of new cars. Ettore Bugatti was interred in the Bugatti family plot at the municipal cemetery in Dorlisheim near Molsheim in the Bas-Rhin département of the Alsace region of France.
53
Born 1894-06-15. Domain:Science (Math style). Cause of death:Unknown
He was a noted Russian and Soviet mathematician. He is best known for the Chebotaryov density theorem. On May 14, 2010, a memorial plaque for Nikolai Chebotaryov was unveiled on the main administration building of I.I. Mechnikov Odessa National University.
75
Born 1872-12-13. Domain:Painting. Cause of death:Cancer
41
Born 1906-05-23. Domain:Science (Medical/Bio style). Cause of death:Accident
Glenn Allan Millikan,American physiologist, was an inventor and mountaineer. Millikan invented the first practical, portable pulse oximeter in 1940–1942. The Millikan oximeter "is generally acknowledged as the beginning of oximetry in physiology and clinical medicine." The word oximeter was introduced by Millikan. In 1938 Millikan married Clare Leigh Mallory, daughter of George Mallory, the mountaineer who died while climbing Mount Everest. In 1947 Millikan himself was killed by a falling rock while climbing "Buzzard's Roost" near Fall Creek Falls State Park, Tennessee.