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Harth Roger (b. 1927-00-00 / d. 1982-04-19)
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56
Born 1905-07-29. Domain:Politics. Cause of death:Unknown
In September 1961, Hammarskjöld found out about the fighting between non-combatant UN forces and Katanga troops of Moise Tshombe. He was en route to negotiate a cease-fire on the night of September 17-18 when his plane (SE-BDY) crashed near Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). The crew had filed no flight plan for security reasons, and a decoy aircraft went (via a different route) ahead of Hammarskjöld's aircraft. He and fifteen others perished. There is still speculation as to the cause of the crash.
The explanation of investigators at the time is that Hammarskjöld's aircraft descended too low on its approach to Ndola's airport at night. No evidence of a bomb, surface-to-air missile, or hijacking has ever been presented.
On August 19, 1998, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, chairman of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), revealed that recently-uncovered letters had implicated British MI5, American CIA and South African intelligence services in the 1961 crash of Dag Hammarskjöld’s plane. One TRC letter said that a bomb in the aircraft's wheel-bay was set to detonate when the wheels came down for landing. Tutu said that the veracity of the letters was unclear; the British Foreign Office suggested that they may have been created as Soviet misinformation.
On July 29, 2005, exactly 100 years after Hammarskjöld's birth, the Norwegian Major General, Bjřrn Egge, gave an interview to the newspaper Aftenposten on the events surrounding his death. According to Egge, who was the first UN officer to see the body, Hammarskjöld had a hole in his forehead, and this hole was subsequently airbrushed from photos taken of the body. It appeared to Egge that Hammarskjöld had been thrown from the plane, and grass and leaves in his hands might indicate that he survived the crash, and had tried to scramble away from the wreckage. Egge does not claim directly that the wound was a gunshot wound, and his statement does not align with Archbishop Tutu's information. In an interview on March 24, 2007 on the Norwegian TV channel NRK, an anonymous retired mercenary claimed to have shared a room with an unnamed South African mercenary who claimed to have shot Hammarskjöld. The alleged killer was claimed to have died in the late 1990s.
Another possible explanation is that Hammarskjöld’s plane struck some treetops as it was preparing for landing. Hammarskjöld was the only person whose body was separate from the wreckage and therefore not burnt due to his aversion to seatbelts. He was thrown from the crash or was able to crawl away from the plane, but his injuries were severe enough that he was already dead by the time the plane was found.
84
Born 1877-06-19. Domain:Performing. Cause of death:Heart attack
A cigar-smoking, monocled, swag-bellied character actor known for his Old South manners and charm. In 1918 he and his first wife formed the Coburn Players and appeared on Broadway in many plays. With her death in 1937, he accepted a Hollywood contract and began making films at the age of sixty.
68
Born 1893-01-13. Domain:Art. Cause of death:Age
Clark Ashton Smith was a poet, sculptor, painter and author of fantasy, horror and science fiction short stories. It is for these stories, and his literary friendship with H. P. Lovecraft from 1922 until Lovecraft's death in 1937, that he is mainly remembered today. Clark Ashton Smith, H. P. Lovecraft and Robert E. Howard are today the three most famous contributors to the pulp magazine Weird Tales. During his life he was having eye problems and died in his sleep on August 14th 1961
85
Born 1876-02-02. Domain:Directing. Cause of death:Age
Born Maurice Thomas in the Belleville district of Paris, France, his father was a jeweler. As a young man, Maurice Thomas first trained as a graphic designer and a magazine illustrator but was soon drawn to the theater. In 1904, he married the actress, Fernande Petit. They had a son, Jacques (1904-1977) who would follow his father into the film industry.
62
Born 1899-07-21. Domain:Writing. Cause of death:Suicide
Some three weeks short of his 62nd birthday, he took his life on the morning of July 2, 1961 at his home in Ketchum, Idaho, with a shotgun blast to the head.
Other members of Hemingway's immediate family also committed suicide, including his father, Clarence Hemingway, his siblings Ursula and Leicester, and later his granddaughter Margaux Hemingway. Some believe that certain members of Hemingway's paternal line had a genetic condition or hereditary disease known as haemochromatosis, in which an excess of iron concentration in the blood causes damage to the pancreas and also causes depression or instability in the cerebrum.
Throughout his life, Hemingway had been a heavy drinker, succumbing to alcoholism in his later years.
67
Born 1894-05-27. Domain:Writing. Cause of death:Other
Died of a ruptured aneurysm and was interred in a small cemetery at Bas Meudon.
He wrote three antisemitic pamphlets called Bagatelles pour un massacre (1937), L'École des cadavres (1938) and Les Beaux draps (1941), he escaped judgment by fleeing to Germany (1944) and later to Denmark (1945).
42
Born 1918-12-15. Domain:Performing. Cause of death:Operation
Shortly after completing his role in Merrill's Marauders in 1961, he injured his back while playing baseball with U.S. Army Special Forces soldiers who served as extras in the movie. Chandler entered a Culver City hospital and had surgery for a spinal disc herniation on May 13, 1961. There were severe complications; an artery was damaged and Chandler hemorrhaged. In a seven and a half hour emergency operation over and above the original surgery, he was given 55 pints of blood. Another operation followed, date unknown, where he received an additional 20 pints of blood. He died. His death was deemed malpractice and resulted in a large lawsuit and settlement for his children (forgotten scalpel).
Tony Curtis and Gerald Mohr were among the pallbearers at Chandler's funeral.
86
Born 1875-07-26. Domain:Science (Medical/Bio style). Cause of death:Age
Jung died in Zürich, after a short illness.
He was a Swiss psychiatrist, an influential thinker and the founder of analytical psychology.
In an interview with Carol Baumann in 1948, published in the Bulletin of Analytical Psychology Club of New York, December 1949, Jung explicitly denies rumors regarding any sympathy for the Nazi movement, saying:
It must be clear to anyone who has read any of my books that I have never been a Nazi sympathizer and I never have been anti-Semitic, and no amount of misquotation, mistranslation, or rearrangement of what I have written can alter the record of my true point of view. Nearly every one of these passages [referring to a list of quotations cited against him] has been tampered with, either by malice or by ignorance. Furthermore, my friendly relations with a large group of Jewish colleagues and patients over a period of many years in itself disproves the charge of anti-Semitism.
70
Born 1891-10-24. Domain:Politics. Cause of death:Murder
For more than 30 years, Rafael Trujillo and his family held absolute power on the Dominican side of the island of Hispaniola. Popularly, he was known as "El Jefe" (The Chief), but he was privately referred to as "Chapitas" — literally, "bottlecaps" — because of his indiscriminate use of medals. Dominican children emulated El Jefe by constructing toy medals from bottle caps. His tyranny, historically known as "La Era de Trujillo" or "The Trujillo Era", is considered one of the bloodiest of the 20th century, as well as a time of a classic personality cult, when the monuments to Rafael Trujillo were in abundance.
On the night of the May 30 1961, Rafael Trujillo was shot to death on San Cristobal Avenue, Santo Domingo. He was the victim of an ambush plotted by Modesto Diaz, Salvador Estrella Sadhalá, Antonio de la Maza, Amado García Guerrero, Manuel Cáceres Michel (Tunti), Juan Tomás Diaz, Roberto Pastoriza, Luis Amiama Tió, Antonio Imbert Barrera, Pedro Livio Cedeńo, and Huáscar Tejeda. According to American reporter Bernard Diederich, the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) had supplied some of the guns used to kill the president.
60
Born 1901-05-07. Domain:Performing. Cause of death:cancer (prostate)
He had undergone surgery for prostate cancer and colon cancer in the previous year, but as there were no means of monitoring the progress of cancer in those days it spread first to his lungs and then, most painfully, to his bones. Cooper was too ill to attend the Academy Awards ceremony in April 1961, so his close friend James Stewart accepted the honorary Oscar on his behalf. Stewart's emotional speech hinted that something was seriously wrong, and on the next day newspapers all over the world ran the headline, "Gary Cooper has cancer". One month later, the revered star was dead.
65
Born 1896-05-19. Domain:Society. Cause of death:Age
Dr. Karl Prusik (also spelled Prussik) was an Austrian mountaineer, with Czech origins, who is known as the inventor of the prusik knot. After the Anschluss, Prusik was one of the supporters of the then Nazi German Alpine Club (German: Deutscher Alpenverein) led by Arthur Seyss-Inquart. In 1941, aged 45 years, he was called up for service as a lieutenant in the German Wehrmacht. In 1942, he was promoted to captain and received the War Merit Cross, 2nd class, awarded for operations behind the front. In 1947, Karl Prusik returned from captivity and again became first vice president of the ÖAK.
53
Born 1908-03-14. Domain:Philosophy. Cause of death:Stroke
His philosophy tended to focus on the phenomenological and corporeal foundations of perception.
24
Born 1937-02-16. Domain:Other. Cause of death:Accident
The accident that killed Valentin Bondarenko was caused by a flash fire in a training simulator that had been pressurized with pure oxygen. During the test Bondarenko had biosensors attached to his body. When he removed these, he washed the skin area with a piece of cotton wool soaked in alcohol. In an act of carelessness Bondarenko threw away the piece of cotton wool without looking at the direction he threw the piece in, and the cotton wool landed on an electric stove hot plate, where it ignited. In the oxygen-rich atmosphere a flash fire followed that set fire to Bondarenko's suit. The observing technician saw the fire and attempted to open the door to the chamber, but this took several minutes due to the pressure, and Bondarenko was badly burnt, dying sixteen hours later of shock. An attendant who treated him prior to death attested that he had suffered third-degree burns over much of his body. Reputedly, the only place that attending physicians could find to insert an IV line was the sole of his feet. This is similar to the accident that befell the crew of the Apollo 1. The death was not announced and, as Bondarenko had appeared in group films and photos of the first cosmonaut group, it fuelled stories in the west of unnamed cosmonauts being killed during failed launches. The accident was only revealed to the outside world in the 1980s. Some reports claim that fellow cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was assigned to "death watch" duty, spending several hours at Bondarenko's bedside before he finally expired.
74
Born 1887-08-12. Domain:Science (Physics style). Cause of death:Infection (Lungs)
Tuberculosis
41
Born 1918-12-29. Domain:Music. Cause of death:Cancer
Mado Robin was a French coloratura soprano and soprano acuto sfogato (a voice that has an extension into the altissimo area). She was noted for her extreme range. Robin died in Paris in 1960 from cancer (some sources state liver cancer, others leukaemia) a few days before the 1500th performance of Lakmé at the Opéra-Comique, which had organized the event for her birthday.
37
Born 1923-08-22. Domain:Science (Math style). Cause of death:Stroke
His most notable work includes the final solution of Hilbert's fifth problem.
59
Born 1901-02-01. Domain:Performing. Cause of death:Heart attack
He died in Los Angeles, California as the result of a fourth heart attack. There was much speculation that Gable's physically demanding Misfits role, which required yanking on and being dragged by horses, contributed to his sudden death soon after filming was completed. In a widely reported quote, Gable's wife Kay blamed it on stress caused by "the endless waiting... waiting (for Monroe)". Monroe, on the other hand, claimed that she and Kay had become close during the filming and would refer to Clark as "Our Man". Monroe's claim is supported by her being specifically invited by Kay to Gable's funeral, where contemporary newsreels showed the two of them sitting together in the church.
Others have blamed Gable's crash diet before filming began. The 6'1" (185 cm) Gable weighed about 190 pounds (86 kg) at the time of Gone with the Wind, but by his late 50s, he weighed 230 pounds (104 kg). To get in shape for The Misfits, he dropped to 195 lbs (88 kg). For years, Gable's head would sometimes shake from the diet pills he would take to shed pounds before making a film, leading to rumors he had Parkinson's disease. In addition, Gable was in poor health from years of heavy smoking (three packs a day over thirty years) and drinking (he liked whiskey), and in the previous decade, had suffered two seizures which may have been heart attacks.
54
Born 1906-05-30. Domain:Society. Cause of death:Suicide
He went blind at 10 months. He regained sight at the age of 52 after surgery and commited suicide.
36
Born 1924-01-31. Domain:Performing. Cause of death:cancer (blood)
Marie Sabouret was a French stage and film actress.
71
Born 1889-09-13. Domain:Writing. Cause of death:Age
In 1917, together with Max Jacob and Guillaume Apollinaire, Reverdy founded the influential journal Nord-Sud ("North-South") which contained many Dadaist and then surrealist contributions. It continued until 1918.
Reclusive by nature, Reverdy began to distance himself from these circles, and in 1926, at the age of 37, he left Paris, converted to Catholicism and went to live in Solesmes, home of the great St. Peter's Abbey. He stayed there until his death in 1960. During this time he wrote several collections including Sources du vent, Ferraille and Le Chant des morts.
70
Born 1890-02-10. Domain:Writing. Cause of death:Cancer (lung)
Pasternak's post-Zhivago poetry probes the universal questions of love, immortality, and reconciliation with God.
Pasternak died of lung cancer. Despite only a small notice appearing in the Literary Gazette, thousands of people traveled from Moscow to his funeral in Peredelkino. "Volunteers carried his open coffin to his burial place and those who were present (including the poet Andrey Voznesensky) recited from memory the banned poem 'Hamlet'."
55
Born 1904-11-11. Domain:Science (Math style). Cause of death:Unknown
Known as Henry, he was a British mathematician and was one of the founders of homotopy theory. He was born in Chennai (then known as Madras), in India, and died in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1960. In the late 1950s, Whitehead approached Robert Maxwell, then chairman of Pergamon Press, to start a new journal, Topology, but died before its first edition appeared in 1962. He was the nephew of Alfred Whitehead.
88
Born 1872-02-01. Domain:Writing. Cause of death:Age
By 1912 his accomplishments and influence were such he was given the title "Prince of the Poets." Paul Fort was the founder of "Vers et Prose" with the collaboration of Guillaume Apollinaire.
21
Born 1938-10-03. Domain:Music. Cause of death:Accident
On the night of Saturday April 16, 1960, at about 11:50 p.m. while on tour in the United Kingdom, Cochran died in a traffic accident in a taxi (a Ford Consul) travelling through Chippenham, Wiltshire, England on the A4. The taxi crashed into a lamp post on Rowden Hill. There was no other car involved. A plaque erected there shows the actual spot. He was taken to St. Martin's Hospital, Bath, but died at 4:10 p.m. the following day. Songwriter Sharon Sheeley (Cochran's fiancée) and singer Gene Vincent survived the crash. The taxi driver, George Martin, was convicted of dangerous driving, fined Ł50, disqualified from driving for fifteen years and sent to prison for six months.
46
Born 1913-11-07. Domain:Writing. Cause of death:Accident
Camus died in a car accident near Sens, in a place named "Le Grand Fossard" in the small town of Villeblevin. In his coat pocket lay an unused train ticket. It is possible that Camus had planned to travel by train, but decided to go by car instead. Ironically, Camus had uttered a remark earlier in his life that the most absurd way to die would be in a car accident.
The driver of the Facel Vega car, Michel Gallimard — his publisher and close friend — also perished in the accident.
81
Born 1879-09-20. Domain:Performing. Cause of death:Age
Victor Sjöström was a Swedish actor, screenwriter, and film director.
At age 78 he gave his final acting performance, probably his best remembered, as the elderly professor in Ingmar Bergman's film, Wild Strawberries (1957).
40
Born 1919-09-15. Domain:Other. Cause of death:Other
At the end of 1959, while on a cycling and game hunting trip in the African Upper Volta (now known as Burkina Faso), Coppi caught malaria. When the illness broke out, after his return to Italy, it was not recognized in time for effective treatment. Coppi died at the age of 40 years in the hospital of Tortona.