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Fachleitner Edouard (b. 1921-02-24 / d. 2008-07-18)
He was a French former professional road bicycle racer. He was an Italian citizen until June 23, 1939. He was a professional between 1943 and 1952. Fachleitners's best results were overall victories in the 1948 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré and 1950 Tour de Romandie and second place overall in the 1947 Tour de France.
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103
Born 1921-04-19. Domain:TV/Radio. Cause of death:Age
Michel Klein was a Romanian-born French veterinarian. He was known for his veterinary work on zoo animals, as well as for his television awareness programs in favor of animal rights around the world. He appeared on programs such as Club Dorothée, 30 millions d'amis, Télématin, and Terre attention danger
63
Born 1957-04-13. Domain:Performing. Cause of death:virus
Clark Tinsley Middleton was an American actor. He is best known for his supporting roles in Kill Bill: Vol. 2, Sin City, Fringe, Snowpiercer, and The Blacklist. Middleton had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis from the time he was four years old. He summarized its effects in an interview: "At first it distorted my hands. Then the cortisone I had to take made my cheeks fat. At 8, I lost movement in my neck. When I was 15, my hip snapped. After an operation, I had to be on crutches and later, after I broke my leg falling over my dog, on canes". He remained at a height of 5 ft 4 in (163 cm). Middleton died of West Nile virus. West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes West Nile fever. It is a member of the family Flaviviridae, specifically from the genus Flavivirus, which also contains the Zika virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. West Nile virus is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, mostly species of Culex. The primary hosts of WNV are birds, so that the virus remains within a "bird–mosquito–bird" transmission cycle. In humans, West Nile virus can cause a disease known as West Nile fever. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 80% of infected people have few or no symptoms, around 20% of people develop mild symptoms (such as fever, headache, vomiting, or a rash), and less than 1% of people develop severe symptoms (such as encephalitis or meningitis with associated neck stiffness, confusion, or seizures). The causes of West Nile Virus mediated encephalitis have been explored by Dr. Robyn Klein at Washington University in St. Louis. She has found that West Nile infection increases cytokines and chemokines in the blood, making the blood brain barrier more leaky and susceptible to infection. The risk of death among patients with nervous system symptoms is about 10%. Recovery may take weeks to months. Risks for severe disease include age over 60 and other health problems. Historically, people in areas where the virus was endemic, such as the Nile Delta, usually experienced subclinical or mild disease. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and blood tests. While there is no specific treatment, pain medications may be useful
91
Born 1921-07-29. Domain:Directing. Cause of death:Unknown
Always elusive about his past and known to refuse interviews and not allow photographs to be taken of him, his place of birth is highly disputed. Some sources and Marker himself claim that he was born in Ulan Bator, Mongolia. Other sources say he was born in Belleville, Paris, and others, in Neuilly-sur-Seine. The 1949 edition of Le Cœur Net specifies his birthday as July 22. Film critic David Thomson has stated: "Marker told me himself that Mongolia is correct. I have since concluded that Belleville is correct- but that does not spoil the spiritual truth of Ulan Bator." When asked about his secretive nature, Marker has said "My films are enough for them (the audience)." Marker became known internationally for the short film La jetée (The Pier) in 1962. It tells of a post-nuclear war experiment in time travel by using a series of filmed photographs developed as a photomontage of varying pace, with limited narration and sound effects. In the film, a survivor of a futuristic third World War is obsessed with a distant and disconnected memories of a pier at the Orly Airport, the image of a mysterious woman, and a man's death. Scientists experimenting in time travel select the man choose him for their studies, and the man travels back in time to contact the mysterious woman, and discovers that the man's death at the Orly Airport was his own. Except for one shot of the woman mentioned above sleeping and suddenly waking up, the film is composed entirely of photographs by Jean Chiabaud and stars Davos Hanich as the man, Hélène Chatelain as the woman and filmmaker William Klein as a man from the future. La Jetée was the inspiration for Mamoru Oshii's 1987 debut live action feature The Red Spectacles (and, later for, parts of Oshii's 2001 film Avalon as well) and also inspired Terry Gilliam's 12 Monkeys (1995). « Chris Marker, c'est un peu le plus célèbre des cinéastes inconnus. » — Philippe Dubois, "Introduction", dans Théorème no 6 : Recherches sur Chris Marker, 2006, p. 6, repris par Marker dans son générique de début de Leila Attacks!, transposé en anglais sous la forme « Christ Marker, the best known author of unknown movies ».
84
Born 1926-04-29. Domain:Science (Physics style). Cause of death:Age
He was one of the three inventors of packet-switched networks, along with Donald Davies and Leonard Kleinrock. He was born in Grodno (then Poland) and his family moved to Philadelphia in 1928. Baran did undergraduate work at Drexel University, obtained his Masters degree in Engineering from UCLA in 1959 and began working for the RAND Corporation in the same year.
72
Born 1937-06-16. Domain:Writing. Cause of death:Heart attack
Erich Wolf Segal was an American author, screenwriter, educator and classicist. He was best known for writing the bestselling novel Love Story (1970) and the hit motion picture of the same name. He also casually played as an actor such in 1971 : Sans mobile apparent : Hans Kleinberg Segal, who suffered from Parkinson's disease, died of a heart attack. Segal ran in the Boston Marathon almost every year from 1955 to 1975. He finished in 79th place at 3 hours, 43 minutes in his first attempt, and his best performance was in 1964 when he finished 63rd with a time of 2:56:30. He recounted that after one Boston marathon someone yelled "Hey, Segal, you run better than you write".
34
Born 1928-04-28. Domain:Art. Cause of death:Heart attack
He was a French artist and is considered an important figure in post-war European art. New York critics of Klein's time classify him as neo-Dada, but other critics, such as Thomas McEvilley in an essay submitted to Artforum in 1982, have since classified Klein as an early, though "enigmatic," Post-Modernist.
Klein died in Paris of a heart attack at the age of 34, shortly before the birth of his son.
56
Born 1889-04-20. Domain:Politics. Cause of death:Suicide
On 30 April 1945, after intense street-to-street combat, when Soviet troops were spotted within a block or two of the Reich Chancellory in the city centre, Hitler committed suicide in the Führerbunker. He did so by means of a self-delivered shot to the head while simultaneously biting into a cyanide capsule. Hitler's body and that of Eva Braun (his long-term mistress whom he had married the day before) were put in a bomb crater, doused in gasoline by Otto Günsche and other Führerbunker aides, and set alight as the Red Army advanced and shelling continued. Hitler also had his dog Blondi poisoned before his suicide to test the poison he and Eva Braun were going to take.
Trivia
Hitler war zu Lebzeiten Ehrenbürger etlicher deutscher Städte. Trotz der Argumentation, dass die Ehrenbürgerschaft mit dem Tod ende, haben viele Städte Hitler diese nach seinem Tod explizit wieder entzogen, einige andere nicht, darunter z. B. Bad Doberan oder Völklingen.
Mit dem Anophthalmus hitleri benannte der Käfersammler Oscar Seibel 1933 einen kleinen, blinden, braunen Höhlenkäfer, der mittlerweile vom Aussterben bedroht ist, nach Hitler.
Im April 1934 wurde in der Umgebung von Bad Tölz der Heigelkopf in Hitlerberg umbenannt und ein zehn Meter hohes, 1200 kg schweres Hakenkreuz aufgestellt.
Das TIME Magazine wählte Hitler 1938 zum „Mann des Jahres“. Die Intention dieses Titels war jedoch nicht, die entsprechende Person zu ehren, sondern herauszustellen, wer aus Sicht der Redaktion in einem bestimmtem Jahr den größten Einfluss auf die Weltpolitik hatte. So ging der Titel 1939 und 1942 an Josef Stalin.
Hitler wurde von verschiedenen Forschungsinstituten mehrmals als der bekannteste Deutsche identifiziert und ist eine der weltweit bekanntesten Persönlichkeiten überhaupt.
38
Born 1904-03-07. Domain:Society. Cause of death:Unknown
Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich was a high-ranking German SS and police official during the Nazi era and a main architect of the Holocaust. He was chief of the Reich Main Security Office (including the Gestapo, Kripo, and SD). He was also Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor (Deputy/Acting Reich-Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia. He served as president of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC, later known as Interpol) and chaired the January 1942 Wannsee Conference which formalised plans for the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question"—the deportation and genocide of all Jews in German-occupied Europe. Many historians regard Heydrich as the darkest figure within the Nazi regime; Adolf Hitler described him as "the man with the iron heart". In London, the Czechoslovak government-in-exile resolved to kill Heydrich. Jan Kubiš and Jozef Gabčík headed the team chosen for the operation, trained by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). They returned to the Protectorate, parachuting from a Handley Page Halifax on 28 December 1941, where they lived in hiding, preparing for the mission. On 27 May 1942, Heydrich planned to meet Hitler in Berlin. German documents suggest that Hitler intended to transfer him to German-occupied France where the French resistance was gaining ground. Heydrich would have to pass a section where the Dresden-Prague road merges with a road to the Troja Bridge. The junction in the Prague suburb of Libeň was well suited for the attack because motorists have to slow for a hairpin bend. As Heydrich's car slowed, Gabčík took aim with a Sten submachine gun, but it jammed and failed to fire. Heydrich ordered his driver, Klein, to halt and attempted to confront Gabčík rather than speed away. Kubiš, who wasn't spotted by Heydrich or Klein, threw a converted anti-tank mine at the car as it stopped, landing against the rear wheel. The explosion ripped through the right rear fender and wounded Heydrich, with metal fragments and fibres from the upholstery causing serious damage to his left side. He suffered major injuries to his diaphragm, spleen, and one lung, as well as a broken rib. Kubiš received a minor shrapnel wound to his face. After Kubiš fled, Heydrich ordered Klein to chase Gabčík on foot, and Gabčík shot Klein in the leg, before escaping himself. A Czech woman went to Heydrich's aid and flagged down a delivery van. He was placed on his stomach in the back of the van and taken to the emergency room at Bulovka Hospital. A splenectomy was performed, and the chest wound, left lung, and diaphragm were all debrided. Himmler ordered Karl Gebhardt to fly to Prague to assume care. Despite a fever, Heydrich's recovery appeared to progress well. Hitler's personal doctor Theodor Morell suggested the use of the new antibacterial drug sulfonamide, but Gebhardt thought that Heydrich would recover and declined the suggestion. Heydrich reconciled himself to his fate on 2 June, during a visit by Himmler, by reciting one of his father's operas: The world is just a barrel-organ which the Lord God turns Himself. We all have to dance to the tune which is already on the drum. Heydrich fell into a coma on 3 June, the day after Himmler's visit, and never regained consciousness. He died on 4 June; an autopsy concluded that he died of sepsis. He was 38 years old.
78
Born 1856-09-02. Domain:Science (Math style). Cause of death:Age
Meyer was one of the founders of the Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften. He, H. Weber, and F. Klein were responsible for planning this project. The Encykloaädie, which was conceived on a large scale, was supported from 1895 by a syndicate of German academies. From the turn of the century until the 1930’s some twenty volumes appeared; they treated all fields of mathematics and their applications. Meyer wrote the articles on potential theory (with H. Burkhardt), invariant theory, the new geometry of the triangle (with G. Berkhan), third-order surfaces, and surfaces of the fourth and higher orders.
76
Born 1849-04-25. Domain:Science (Math style). Cause of death:Age
He was a German mathematician, known for his work in group theory, complex analysis, non-Euclidean geometry, and on the connections between geometry and group theory. His 1872 Erlangen Program, classifying geometries by their underlying symmetry groups, was a hugely influential synthesis of much of the mathematics of the day. Klein devised the bottle named after him, a one-sided closed surface which cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space, but it may be immersed as a cylinder looped back through itself to join with its other end from the "inside". It may be embedded in Euclidean space of dimensions 4 and higher.
65
Born 1835-11-16. Domain:Science (Math style). Cause of death:Age
Eugenio Beltrami was an Italian mathematician notable for his work concerning differential geometry and mathematical physics. His work was noted especially for clarity of exposition. He was the first to prove consistency of non-Euclidean geometry by modeling it on a surface of constant curvature, the pseudosphere, and in the interior of an n-dimensional unit sphere, the so-called Beltrami–Klein model. He also developed singular value decomposition for matrices, which has been subsequently rediscovered several times. Beltrami's use of differential calculus for problems of mathematical physics indirectly influenced development of tensor calculus by Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro and Tullio Levi-Civita.